effect of microwave on human body ppt

Arch Environ Health. 2015;36:4804. Standard devices used by military personnel that may pose electromagnetic hazards include radars and missile systems. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. Because the frequency of microwaves is sufficiently high that the energy is absorbed, the subsequent heating of tissue becomes its major mechanism, and most biochemical and physiological responses are temperature-dependent. A popular focus among researchers is the damage that microwave radiation causes in the central nervous system, in which it can impair learning and memory. All of the authors read and approved the final manuscript. Mack et al. In contrast, a central injection of a glucose carrier inhibitor induced injury to memories [110]. Bioelectromagnetics. J Clin Oncol. Mitochondria morphologic changes and metabolic effects of rat hippocampus after microwave irradiation. In the treated rats, 50 calls were missed each day for 4weeks, and the spatial memory abilities of the rats were tested after the experimental period. 1994;15:95104. Koch C, Zador A. Szmigielski S. Cancer risks related to low-level RF/MW exposures, including cell phones. The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention. Therefore, in this article, we reviewed recent studies that have explored the effects of microwave radiation on the brain, especially the hippocampus, including analyses of epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and the mechanisms underlying brain dysfunction. The direct cause of the observed neuronal damage may have been apoptosis induced by the microwave radiation, and an indirect cause may have been an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which would allow the traversal of toxic substances that could cause damage. This phenomenon may be explained by the varied radiation dosage adopted in these studies. The results of this study showed that chronic exposure to Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves might impair both unimodal and cross-modal encoding of information. Radiat Res. The results showed that in normal EEGs, the (3.26.0Hz) and 2 (17.830.5Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the cortex, while the (6.017.8Hz) waves were mainly concentrated in the hypothalamus. 2011;343:5224. Stahlhut Espinosa CE, Slack FJ. JAMA. Zhao et al. Frei P, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, Olsen JH, Steding-Jessen M, Schz J. 2007;210:63544. Describes the health effects on six men exposed to high levels of RF radiation (100 MHz) while working on transmission masts. Maternal exposure to Wi-Fi radio frequencies led to various adverse neurological effects in the offspring. [92] found that 900MHz microwave radiation emitted by mobile phones increased protein carbonyl levels in the brains of rats, suggesting that 900MHz microwave radiation can alter some biomolecules such as proteins. Li HJ, Peng RY, Wang CZ, Qiao SM, Yong Z, Gao YB, et al. The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves in unimodal and multimodal object recognition tasks in male rats. Of the numerous studies performed to explore the effects of mobile communication devices on humans, only a few have shown that cell phones and brain tumors are statistically correlated. Mortazavi et al. A metabolomic approach to screening urinary metabolites upon microwave exposure in monkeys. Li H, Li C. Apoptosis gene expression and their relationship to mtDNA mutation in tumor tissues of gynecologic oncology patients. PubMed 2005;438:18592. Szmigielski [23] collected retrospective data for Polish soldiers over 15years and showed that the prevalence of brain cancer was higher in each age group. Is nuclear respiratory factor 2 a master transcriptional coordinator for all ten nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in neurons? Mortazavi S, Rouintan M, Taeb S, Dehghan N, Ghaffarpanah A, Sadeghi Z, et al. PLoS One. The conclusions are shown in Table3. Gage FH, Kelly P, Bjorklund A. This damage plays a key role in the structural and functional changes that are accelerated by neuronal degeneration. Suhhova A, Bachmann M, Karai D, Lass J, Hinrikus H. Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure. Article 2014;8:63. 2010;39:67594. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Springer Nature. Vorobyov et al. 2016;74:99107. 1997;44:99104. Iran J Public Health. Brain cancer with induction periods of less than 10 years in young military radar workers. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. J Med Food. 1 GHz and 300 GHz. Functional plasticity is affected in other ways, including the abnormal release and uptake of brain amino acids such as choline and monoamine neurotransmitters, a decrease in excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes and spikes in long-term potentiating (LTP) in the medial perforated pathway (MPP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) [27]. Dendritic spines, which are small protrusions that extend from dendritic shafts, are also cellular compartments containing signaling molecules that are important for synaptic transmission and plasticity [88,89,90,91]. Johnson OL, Ouimet CC. It has also been reported that acute exposure to continuous waves of 900MHz EMF or 900MHz waves that were modulated to an amplitude of 50Hz increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and DNA fragmentation as a result of the hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors [73]. J Radiat Res (Tokyo). The Microwave signals in the food can cause water molecules to pulsate, generates heat to cook the food. The authors found that 2.4GHz microwave radiation reduced the expression of some miRNAs such as miR-106b-5p and miR-107 [98]. Cassel JC, Cosquer B, Galani R, Kuster N. Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter radial-maze performance in rats. Bad impacts a microwave has on our daily lives. However, its beneficial effects should not be ignored [26]. The mechanism by which microwave radiation decreases glucose, resulting in impaired learning and memory in rats, may be related to an increase in the synthesis and release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus. Krylova I, Dukhanin A, Il'in A, Kuznetsova EY, Balaeva N, Shimanovskii N, et al. The effects of hyperthermia and hyperthermia plus microwaves on rat brain energy metabolism. radiation with wavelengths. Behav Brain Res. Richter et al. [16] investigated workers who worked at a television transmitter station with a frequency ranging between 202 and 209MHz, 694701MHz, 750757MHz, or 774781MHz and at a medium-wave broadcasting station. [84] and Sharma et al. Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. as it have a harmful side. Trends Neurosci. 2014;70:84555. P Nat Acad. broad definition in terms of frequencies between. Surg Neurol. PubMed 2012;35:32534. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. The thermal effects of exposure to RF and microwave radiation are well established and fairly well understood. The role of microRNAs in cancer. 2010;3:4650. ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one. Ragozzino ME, Unick KE, Gold PE. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. 2005;161:3314. Gold PE. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol. Singh S, Mani KV, Kapoor N. Effect of occupational EMF exposure from radar at two different frequency bands on plasma melatonin and serotonin levels. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo and is characterized by a biochemical state that tends toward oxidization, including the formation of oxygen free radicals (i.e., ROS) and nitrogen radicals reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which play major roles in oxidation. Xu et al. 2012;62:22336. Nuclear pyknosis and capillary congestion are also observed. With the increasing number of applications that use microwave technology, its negative effects on the human body have attracted attention. Nimchinsky EA, Sabatini BL, Svoboda K. Structure and function of dendritic spines. Resulting Effects on the Human Body. The authors therefore proposed that synaptic conduction disorders are associated with damage to cognitive functions. [99] used a microarray and quantitative real-time PCR to analyze the miRNA expression profile in the hippocampus on days 7 and 14 after irradiation with a microwave at 30mW/cm2. SAR Value There are guidelines internationally for short term exposure to cell phone frequency microwaves, defined in terms of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to radio frequency radiation. 2008;49:16370. 2015;140:23646. 2004;2004:19. 2014;12:75. Most of the workers recovered when they left the source of microwave radiation. Recent advances in the effects of microwave radiation on brains, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, Dysfunction of learning and memory abilities, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Im HI, Kenny PJ. In long-term epidemiological investigations of large population with occupational exposure, the results have not been consistent. Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hmlinen H. The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory. Therefore, their reproducibility and comparability are poor. Evaluation of Psychologic parameters in people occupationally exposed to radiofrequencies and microwave. Behav Brain Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-017-0139-0. In addition, glucose is also related to cognitive functions, and reductions in the metabolism and uptake of glucose have been observed in local regions of the brain in Alzheimers patients [107, 108]. PubMed The microwave will do its intended job of heating and will start to burn (or cook) the skin tissue. Biomed Environ Sci. Qiao et al. Neuroreport. In 35% of cases, soldiers work in intermediate and hazardous zones and in 22%only in the intermediate zone. PubMed Central With the popularity of microwave technology, microwave effects on the human body have become a common topic of concern, and the central nervous system is recognized as a target organ system that is sensitive to microwave radiation. 1992;49:1818. Proliferation and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 900 MHz modulated radiofrequency field. [97] found that long-term exposure to 900MHz radiation decreased the level of rno-miR107and that the whole body (rms) SAR value was 0.0369W/kg, bridging the gap in the interaction between radio frequency radiation (FR) and miRNAs. [78] exposed differentiated astroglial cells that were cultured for 14days in vitro to either continuous 900MHz waves or 900MHz waves modulated in amplitude at 50Hz using a sinusoidal wave form and 100% modulation index for 5, 10, or 20min. Specifically, the Federal Communications . Electromagn Biol Med. 2001;12:72931. Biological effects of 2450 MHz microwave combined with -rays on rat cultured gliacytes. Microwave radiation can induce oxidative and nitrosative stress, which lead to hippocampal neuronal and non-neuronal apoptosis via the oxidative damage of cellular constituents (i.e., nucleic acids, proteins and lipids) and subsequent over expression of p53, which up-regulates Bax and down-regulates pro-caspase-3 and full-length/uncleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) 1, eventually inducing neuronal degeneration via apoptosis [76]. They summarized the characteristics and functions of hippocampus-related miRNAs following irradiation with microwaves, and these data laid a foundation that clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying microwave-induced injury to hippocampal learning and memory and suggested potential therapeutic targets. J Mol Neurosci. found that long-term treatment with a low dose of microwave radiation reduced the activity and the number of excitatory synapses. Qiao S, Peng R, Yan H, Gao Y, Wang C, Wang S, et al. PubMed However, most studies have not supported the conclusion that cell phones cause brain tumors [8,9,10,11,12]. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. 2011;35:36978. 2014;90:2935. 1994;8:714. Interphone study group. Article 2013;42:428. 2013;17:711. Nicholson RM, Kusne Y, Nowak LA, LaFerla FM, Reiman EM, Valla J. In broadcasting, the sources of microwaves are mainly FM radio and TV broadcasting antennas, which produce frequencies ranging from 80 to 800MHz. Google Scholar. 1984;11:4760. [21, 22] found a higher incidence of brain cancer in radar technicians and a shortened incubation period (i.e., less than 10years). Antimicrob Agents Chemother. PubMed Central Zhao L, Peng RY, Gao YB, Wang SM, Wang LF, Dong J, et al. It is noteworthy that most of the above mentioned studies were based on the theory that the effects caused by microwaves are non-thermal. Researchers have also used the 12-arm maze test on rats to test spatial working ability after exposure to 2.45GHz pulse microwave radiation. Military Med Res 4, 29 (2017). PubMed Merola et al. B. Cordless phones effect Cordless phone same worked like a mobile phone. Many studies have been made on the biological effects of microwave radiation. Joubert et al. Relationship between cognition function and hippocampus structure after long-term microwave exposure. 2006;165:63644. 2006;27:295306. MicroRNAs: novel mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of microwave exposure on rats hippocampus. The authors detected the EEG within the frequency bands of 0.530.0Hz for 5 consecutive days. [83] found that long-term exposure to microwave radiation (typical mobile phone, at an SAR level range of 0.170.37W/kg for 3h daily for 8months, or wireless digital enhanced cordless telecommunications/telephone (DECT) base at an SAR level range of 0.0120.028W/kg for 8h/d for 8months) induced the synthesis of 143 proteins, including some neuronal function-associated proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), glial maturation factor (GMF), apolipo protein E, heat-shock protein, cytoskeletal proteins and some proteins that are associated with metabolism in the brain. Predictors and overestimation of recalled mobile phone use among children and adolescents. 2011;31:2293301. Chronic nonmodulated microwave radiations in mice produce anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain. Neurol Sci. For example, people who have used mobile phones for more than 10years have a clearly higher risk of brain tumors. Nakatani-Enomoto S, Furubayashi T, Ushiyama A, Groiss SJ, Ueshima K, Sokejima S, et al. More data are available regarding opinions on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields [3]. 2002;13:11921. Oto R, Akda Z, Dada S, Celik Y. Additionally, people exposed to military microwave sources were more vulnerable to brain tumors. Quantitation, regional vulnerability, and kinetic modeling of brain glucose metabolism in mild Alzheimers disease. their effects on the human body are vastly different: - Non-ionizing Radiation Frequency range: 0.1 - 1013 Hz . 2015;56:2618. Exp Neurobiol. Trends Cell Biol. The results of EEG and analyses of the structure of the brain after radiation have also confirmed the influence of microwaves. Medical and biological aspects of the effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic (EM) fields and radiation on human health . Dasdag S, Akdag MZ, Erdal ME, Erdal N, Ay OI, Ay ME, et al. [64] exposed cultured rat hippocampal neurons to GSM 1800MHz microwaves (SAR, 2.4W/kg) and observed a selective decrease in the amplitude of -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-soxazole propionic acid (AMPA) miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs). Cordless phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the mobile phone [13]. Othman H, Ammari M, Rtibi K, Bensaid N, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Postnatal development and behavior effects of in-utero exposure of rats to radiofrequency waves emitted from conventional WiFi devices. . Dasdag et al. As a result, the existing data exhibit poor reproducibility and comparability. 1992;6:379. It is widely accepted that protein synthesis occurs in neuronal dendrites and may be the cellular basis of learning and memory, during which local protein synthesis and synaptic plasticity are closely linked to the efficiency of communication between neurons. Srinivasan R. Anatomical constraints on source models for high-resolution EEG and MEG derived from MRI. A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. Behav Brain Res. Most bioassay and genotoxicity or mutation studies that have been performed in vitro have reported that exposure to microwave radiation at non-thermal levels does not have mutagenic/genotoxic/carcinogenic effects. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH, Eriksson M. Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region. Gene. 2000;11:16413. Article 2004;23:20114. Chin J Indus Hyg. 1984;5:6370. CAS It addresses the impact on developing head and brain tumours, other morbidity-related outcomes and summarizes the biological effects of RF and microwave radiation. These results explain the genetic mechanisms by which microwave radiation induces damage to learning and memory. Neurosci Lett. PubMed Central The hazard for human health from the electromagnetic radiations well be. Phot J. Identification of a novel rat nr2b subunit gene promoter region variant and its association with microwave-induced neuron impairment. The results suggested that chronic non-modulated, but not modulated, microwave radiation may cause anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain [77]. Ning W, Chiang H, Yang W. Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippocampal neurons. Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation. Based on this background, in this review, we first summarized the effects of microwave radiation on the central nervous system, including the epidemiology, morphology, electroencephalograms, learning and memory abilities and mechanisms of underlying brain dysfunction from the perspective of synaptic structures and functions, oxidative stress and apoptosis, protein synthesis, genes and individual susceptibility and energy metabolism. Choeiri C, Staines W, Miki T, Seino S, Messier C. Glucose transporter plasticity during memory processing. Using a ring resonator notch filter for optical carrier reduction and modulation depth enhancement in radio-over-fiber links. 2014;53:22230. 2 Researchers have been working. The visual reaction time and short-term memory of healthy male and female workers at a radar site with a frequency range of 218GHz was recorded with a simple blind computer-assisted-visual reaction time test or modified Wechsler Memory Scale test. Sareesh et al. An abnormal EEG is closely associated with damaged cognitive ability. Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. In 2011, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) announced that microwave radiation has potentially carcinogenic effects (2B). 2012;31:25074. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip. 2004;115:1490505. Decreased synthesis of acetylcholine accompanying impaired oxidation of pyruvic acid in rat brain minces. [103] found that microwave radiation caused DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks in vivo in populations submitted to occupational exposure, and the incidence of micronuclei in lymphocytes was significantly increased. Nature. [81] reported a study exploring the influence of mobile phone microwave radiation on oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat brains. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. Dasdag et al. The progeny brain oxidative balance and serum biochemistry, such as phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, triglycerides and calcium levels, were disrupted [60]. However, it concurrently also declared that the carcinogenic potential of mobile communications equipment was limited to glioma [4]. 2013;34:26474. CAS 2016;25:31827. 2006;27:11926. 2009;4:e4389. Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings . Baer C, Claus R, Plass C. Genome-wide epigenetic regulation of miRNAs in cancer. Vorobyov V, Janac B, Pesic V, Prolic Z. Many adversarial effects on health causes by electromagnetic. miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. Shahin found that regardless of whether exposure was long-term or short-term, 2.45GHz microwaves increased oxidative/nitrosative stress, which potentially led to apoptosis in hippocampal subfield neurons and non-neuronal cells as a result of p53-dependent/independent activation. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. Thurczy G, Kubinyi G, Bodo M, Bakos J, Szabo L. Simultaneous response of brain electrical activity (EEG) and cerebral circulation (REG) to microwave exposure in rats. Chin J Radiol Med Prot. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive function in man. Cite this article. Int J Hyg Environ Health. Neurobiol Learn Mem. Mol Neurobiol. Wang H, Peng R, Zhou H, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. 1 of 41 Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings Oct. 04, 2015 4 likes 4,519 views Download Now Download to read offline Environment The presentation proves beyond any doubt, the harmful affects of microwaves and radio frequency waves on humans and other living beings Padmanabhan Krishnan Follow Dr. Microwave radiation can heat body tissue the same way it heats your food. Above all, because of biases and variations in investigation methods, no conclusive evidence has been presented that microwaves cause cancer. When nerve endings are excited, the vesicles release their contents into the synaptic cleft, resulting in synaptic transmission. J Natl Cancer Inst. Front Neurosci. 2017;326:291. Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. Wang H, Peng R, Zhao L, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. Does MW radiation affect gene expression, apoptotic level, and cell cycle progression of human sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells? Mosconi L, Tsui WH, Rusinek H, De Santi S, Li Y, Wang GJ, et al. Cancer in radar technicians exposed to radiofrequency/microwave radiation: sentinel episodes. 1990;39:13543. Abnormality of synaptic vesicular associated proteins in cerebral cortex and hippocampus after microwave exposure. Bull Exp Biol Med. Previous studies have shown that in unexposed control rats, hippocampal neurons are aligned in neat rows in which the edges are clear, nuclei are clear, nucleoli can be observed, and pyramidal cells do not exhibit obvious necrosis. Neuroreport. static fields, health effects, human health, environmental effects, SCENIHR, Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks Opinion to be cited as:

Codependency Group Curriculum, Cyberpunk 2077 The Heist Lobby Computer Code, Black Effect Podcast Merch, O'shaughnessy Distillery Food Menu, Roller Skating Nyc Brooklyn, Articles E