list of dictatorship countries

Italy's Mussolini. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. They are not even defined terms of art within political science. Political participation: 2.22. Explore a few of the famous ones. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. Reading Time: 4 minutes. Top 10 Dictatorship Countries - The Borgen Project The African Dictators | Africa Facts Right now, 74% families are homeowners. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". Dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries, & Facts | Britannica [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. When necessary, a dictator may also make an effort to replace or amend the nation's constitution to empower, enrich, or otherwise benefit the dictator and his/her allies to a greater degree. Military dictatorship - McGill University [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. Dictators are incentivized to avoid the use of violence once a reputation of violence is established, as it damages the dictatorship's other institutions and poses a threat to the dictator's rule should government forces become disloyal. The theories about society, capital and labor got turned into a dictatorship, genocide, and poverty. A dictator has the ability to make decisions that will have an impact on the people in many ways, and the worse part is, the people do not consent to being ruled. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. Totalitarianism is a form of autocracy in which the state has total control over its citizens. However, a political rights score of 6 or 7 corresponds most closely with our definition of dictatorship, based on Freedom House's characterization: 6 Countries and territories with a rating of 6 have very restricted political rights. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. It has a population of approximately 31 million people, making it the 42nd most populous country in the world. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. Many of these governments fell under the control of caudillos, or personalist dictators. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. 10 Worst Dictators In Power Today - WhatCulture.com Latin America experienced a dramatic political change in the last quarter of the twentieth century. The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. #SOSCuba. Syria - Well, it depends. Military dictatorship: 2. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. Leaders of these dictatorships often place those loyal to them in positions of power (qualified or not), and foster cults of personality to sway public opinion to their side. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. [1][3] Resorting to democratic concepts by Karl Popper and Joseph Schumpeter, Przeworski defended the minimalist approach, citing Popper that "the only system in which citizens can get rid of governments without bloodshed. [95] A similar phenomenon took place in Korea, where Kim Il-sung created a Soviet-backed communist dictatorship in North Korea[96] and Syngman Rhee created a US-backed nationalist dictatorship in South Korea. What countries are currently ruled by dictatorships? [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. Which countries have military dictatorship? - Studybuff Mussolini abolished democracy in Italy in 1922 and became a dictator. Keep note that the head of state, chief executive, government, and legislatures can have their official names be seemingly contradictory to this classification. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. Due to it, the countries went towards dictatorship. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), index of democracy and dictatorship or simply the DD index or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. Modern dictatorships first developed in the 19th century, which included Bonapartism in Europe and caudillos in Latin America. List of Cons of Dictatorships. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". Far-left and far-right dictatorships used similar methods to maintain power, including cult of personality, concentration camps, forced labour, mass murder, and genocide. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. [126] Some of the most ruthless examples of repression in recent history were repression by hunger. 10. Are there left-wing dictators? - Quora 3. 10 Dictators Who Were Surprisingly Good - Unbelievable Facts 2. However, since they might also give up power willingly, the regime is marked with a type II value to signal potential classification errors where a democratic regime may be falsely classified as dictatorship. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. Also, dictatorships . Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, and Palestine are the only democratic nations in the region, with Israel being the only nation in this region that affords broad political liberties to its citizens. [1]:70. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. There's no room for opposition or . [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. 1. An appropriate example of this occurred in 2020 when Russian president Vladimir Putin and his party introduced amendments to the country's constitution that reworked term limits, enabling Putin to remain in power until 2036. Photo: Lars Klove. 14 most cruel dictators who almost destroyed Humankind - World-Wire But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. 10 Biggest Countries Ruled by Dictators - Insider Monkey [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. Dictatorships that fail to repress the opposition are susceptible to collapse through a coup or a revolution. An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. The legislature must be popularly elected. Laos (since 1975) Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Military dictators may also be less trusting or diplomatic and underestimate the use of bargaining and compromise in politics. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. They are often unstable, and the average duration of a military dictatorship is only five years, but they are often followed by additional military coups and military dictatorships. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. The territory of today's Algeria was the home of many prehistoric cultures, including Aterian and Capsian and the, Angola, officially the Republic of Angola, is a country in Southern Africa. Myanmar has been thrown into the darkness of the military dictatorship once again as this morning, the military junta arrested "The daughter of democracy" Aung San Suu Kyi and reinstated the military rule. "[6], For a regime to be considered as a democracy by the DD scheme, it must meet the requirement of four rules below:[1]:69[3], Some regimes may meet the first three rules, but lack an alternation in power in its historical past; these regimes are classified as dictatorships because of cases where the incumbent only allows elections as long as they keep winning, and would refuse to step down if they lost. [126] For dictatorships, societal compliance is necessary for the ruling entity to maintain its desired order, laws, revenue, and policies. Is North Korea a dictatorship? Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. [139], Most dictatorships hold elections to maintain legitimacy and stability, but these elections are typically uncompetitive and the opposition is not permitted to win. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. [137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. From the outside looking in, life within a dictatorship appears akin to being in a toxic relationship or living situation. The methodology is derived from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, regardless of geopolitical, geographic, ethnic or religious considerations. [81] These reforms incorporated totalitarianism, fealty to the state, expansionism, corporatism, and anti-communism. W; Alphabetical list of countries; Alphabetical list of countries. Whether or not Putin is a dictator is a matter of some debate. The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. [8]:454 The government composes the chief executive and the heads of the executive departments. Miguel Daz-Canel, the son of Ral Castro who replaced him as president of Cuba, has kept the dictatorship structure in place that was established by Fidel Castro during the Cuban revolution. [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [9], Gugiu & Centellas developed the Democracy Cluster Classification Index that integrates five democracy indicators (including the DD dataset, Polity dataset), clustering 24 American and 39 European regimes over 30 years.[2]. [1]:71. The . These individuals form an inner circle, making up a class of elites that hold a degree of power within the dictatorship and receive benefits in exchange for their support. Albania - Communist Regime 3. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. Dictatorship: Its Types and Reasons | by Old Times - Medium [78], At the same time, nationalist movements grew throughout Europe. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. What is a Dictatorship? Definition, Feature & Characteristics Infiltration involves disseminating individuals loyal to the dictatorship and its ideals across civil society and local community elites. [82], Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party created a second fascist dictatorship in Germany in 1933,[83] obtaining absolute power through a combination of electoral victory, violence, and emergency powers. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD),[1] index of democracy and dictatorship[2] or simply the DD index[3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. They are more likely to end in violence and less likely to democratize than other forms of dictatorship. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. The 10 most capitalist nations in the world - Yahoo! Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. List of Top 10 Most Brutal Dictators in Modern History - History Lists The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? [59] Shoguns were de facto military dictators in Japan beginning in 1185 and continuing for over six hundred years. List of dictatorship countries? - Answers But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. 8. [138] A study found that dictatorships that engage in oil drilling are more likely to remain in power, with 70.63% of the dictators who engage in oil drilling still being in power after 5 years of dictatorship, while only 59.92% of the non-oil producing dictators survive the first 5 years. Organized opposition is a threat to the stability of a dictatorship, as it seeks to undermine public support for the dictator and calls for regime change. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Totalitarian Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. Dictatorship Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. There must be more than one party competing in the elections. 12 Examples of Fascism in History (2023) - Helpful Professor In personalist dictatorships, the elite corps are usually made up of close friends or family members of the dictator, who typically handpicks these individuals to serve their posts. Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler and the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin were the leading examples of such modern totalitarian . A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. To enact policy, a dictator must either appease the regime's elites or attempt to replace them. Key dictators from 20th century Latin America Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . Parties that take power through violence are often able to implement larger changes in a shorter period of time. After authoritarian monarchies, these tend to be the longest-lasting dictatorships, as they can more easily install a new dictator if the existing one leaves office (rare) or dies. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. If the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term then, the democracy is mixed or semi-presidential. Venezuela has a presidential government. Between the 1990s and the 2000s, most dictators moved away from being "larger-than-life figures" that controlled the populace through terror and isolated themselves from the global community. Duterte is the perfect example of a . Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. Benito Mussolini was the first generally recognised fascist leader. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. Dictatorship Countries List? - The Divine Writer The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. [46], The shift in the power relation between the dictator and their inner circle has severe consequences for the behavior of such regimes as a whole. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. 1. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. North Korea - One man Dictatorship 2. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. Monarchies may be dynastic, in which the royal family serves as a ruling institution similar to a political party in a one-party state, or they may be non-dynastic, in which the monarch rules independently of the royal family as a personalist dictator. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. [108], Dictatorship in Europe largely ended after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, and the liberalization of most communist states. [72] The societal upheaval caused by World War I and the unstable peace it produced further contributed to instability that benefited extremist movements and rallied support for their causes. Dictatorship Countries 2022 - World Populace The DD dataset covers the annual data points of 199 countries from 1946 (or date of independence) to 2008. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government.

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