the primary force which causes all winds is:

After the tornado has passed, meteorologists and engineers determine the tornados strength based on its wind speed, width, and damage to vegetation and human-built structures. When upper atmospheric winds blow parallel to the isobars along straight paths, they are termed ________ winds. (t/f), The sea breeze is a simple thermal circulation that does not involve a pressure gradient. However, the most powerful tornadoes can have wind speeds of more than 482 kph (300 mph) and be more than 3 kilometers (2 miles) across. Spanish, Portuguese, and British ships were quick, relatively easy to maneuver, and their large, complex series of sails exploited trade winds and southern westerlies to travel across the ocean. Pressure gradient force is the primary force influencing the formation of wind from local to global scales. Wind energy is harnessed through powerful turbines. (t/f), The mercury barometer is larger and less portable than an aneroid barometer. It has a significant influence on wind direction. The Coriolis effect is important only for motions that: With respect to the Coriolis force, which association is NOT correct? In areas where tornadoes are common, many communities have tornado warning systems. Waves are formed by the wind blowing across the surface of the water. The Coriolis effect makes wind systems twist counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.The Coriolis effect causes some winds to travel along the edges of the high-pressure and low-pressure systems. Authors: Michael Arthur and Demian Saffer Professors, The Pennsylvania State University - University Park, Patrick Belmont Assistant Professor, Utah State University. theforcethat results when there is a difference inpressureacross a surface. This type of wind occurs when high-density cold air builds up at high elevations (on the ice sheets, for example) and moves downhill under the force of gravity. Tornadoes can occur as waterspouts or landspouts, spinning from hundreds of meters in the air to connect the land or water with clouds above. C) wind speed The Beaufort scale has 17 levels of wind force. This Tri-State Tornado sped for 338 kilometers (219 miles) through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. (t/f), The primary cause of wind is not atmospheric pressure but atmospheric pressure differences. (t/f), The most fundamental reason for all atmospheric motions is the non-uniform heating of the earth by the Sun. 25 Q The pressure gradient force is directed from higher to lower pressure: A It was flying in the Southern Hemisphere. This in turn allows for a greater Coriolis deflection. (t/f). In the 20th century, kamikaze became the informal name for suicide attacks during World War II. More than 300,000 people died, and more than a million were made homeless. Image credit: Jaime Daniels, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR. The islands of the Philippines, China, Vietnam, and Japan are the most affected. More than 277 centimeters (109 inches) of rain drenched Taiwan, leading to 461 deaths and $6.2 billion in damage.Noreasters and BlizzardsA nor'easter is a strong winter storm combining heavy snowfall, strong winds, and very cold temperatures. Areas where prevailing winds meet are called convergence zones. In 2007, the Enhanced Fujita Scale was established in the U.S.; it provides more specific effects of the tornado to determine its destructive power. 78) Theprimary forcewhich causes allwinds is: A) inertia force. Why are clouds and precipitation associated with surface low pressure systems? The strongest winds in the solar system, however, belong to its outermost planet, Neptune. Which of the following would involve the greatest change in atmospheric pressure? When representing wind direction numerically, winds from the north are associated with: T/F:Of the various elements of weather and climate, changes in air pressure are probably the most easily perceived by people. Convergence occurs near the equator (winds blow in towards one another) and Divergence occurs under the descending air that forms high-pressure belts. (t/f), Vertical air movement is necessary for the creation of a sea breeze. Watch this video to learn about wind! wind speed Air near the equator is warmed and rises because it is less dense (mass/unit volume) than the air around it as shown in Figure 21 below. Which type of meteorological instrument is used to collect the necessary data for the production of upper-level weather charts? Divergence in the atmosphere is best defined as: Which of the following has the smallest impact on winds? This downdraft is a tornado.Depending on the temperature and moisture of the air, a tornado can last a few minutes or over an hour. starting the air motion, which of the influences the magnitude of the coriolis force: Anemometers are used with tornado data collectors, which measure the velocity, precipitation, and pressure of tornadoes.Tornadoes strength is measured according to the Fujita scale. In areas of high pressure, the gases in the air are more crowded. Near the equator the water is about 8 centimeters high than in middle latitudes. The vertical component of the air motion is usually: divergence aloft and convergence at the surface. You might be wondering why the air would move from high pressure to low pressure in the first place. Some of the most familiar seeds dispersed by the wind are those of the fuzzy dandelion.Wind EnergyWind has been used as a source of energy for more than a thousand yearsit has pushed ships around the globe and been captured in windmills to pump water; it has turned giant stones to grind grains, make paper, saw logs, and crush ore. Today, most wind energy is used to generate electricity for homes, businesses, hospitals, schools, and industry.Wind is a renewable resource that does not directly cause pollution. How does friction act to change the direction of the wind near the earth's surface? Windy CityChicago, Illinois, has been nicknamed the Windy City for more than a hundred years. Anticyclone: air blows out (diverges) from the center and rotates clockwise (N. Hemisphere) or counter-clockwise (S. Hemisphere). The latitude The predominant summer wind direction is in favor of the batter. You cannot download interactives. Precipitation occurs where moisture-laden air rises, either by heating at the equator or by running up and over a more dense air mass. Winds carried volcanic ash and debris high in the atmosphere across the globe. They are fed by polar easterlies and winds from the high-pressure horse latitudes, which sandwich them on either side. (t/f), At a given pressure value, the air density will be highest when the temperature is coldest. They emanate from the polar highs, areas of high pressure around the North and South Poles. No way. Jupiters famous Great Red Spot is actually a centuries-old hurricane-like storm, swirling at around 644 kph (400 mph). Without going into detail as to why rotation creates this apparent force, the Coriolis effect causes winds (and all moving objects) to be deflected: Why is the 500-mb level chart important for forecasting? A strong noreaster is called a blizzard.The U.S. Even today, shipping depends on trade winds and the ocean currents they drive.In 1947, Norwegian explorer Thor Hyerdahl and a small crew used trade winds to travel from the coast of Peru to the coral reefs of French Polynesia, more than 6,920 kilometers (4,300 miles), in a sail-powered raft. A diagram which indicates the percentage of time the wind blows from various directions. )Although monsoons impact tropical as well as equatorial regions, the wind itself is created as the ITCZ moves slightly away from the Equator each season. Wind is the primary force driving surface currents in the ocean. We'll start at Earth's equator, where solar radiation is the highest year around. divergence aloft and convergence at the surface Typhoons form as equatorial winds and blow westward before turning north and merging with westerlies around the mid-latitudes. This force only occurs when there is a difference in air pressure across the surface of the earth. This happens because Earths rotation generates what is known as the Coriolis effect. B) air temperature. This is a high-pressure system. What is the average sea level pressure in the United States? divergence at the surface These images show the winds of Typhoon Dolphin. c. pressure gradient force. meterologists convert all atmospheric pressure data to the equivalent sea-level air pressure in order to: True or False: the primary cause of wind is not atmospheric pressure differences. If the disturbance lasts for more than 24 hours and gets to speeds of 61 kph (38 mph), it becomes known as a tropical depression.When a tropical depression speeds up to 63-117 kph (39-73 mph), it is known as a tropical storm, and is given a name. The Coriolis effect occurs because of this characteristic of the earth. (t/f), The Coriolis effect is strongest at the equator and diminishes in strength poleward. Winds of up to 72 kph (45 mph) whipped the East Coast from Chesapeake Bay to as far north as Nova Scotia, Canada. Air. (t/f), Gradient winds follow a curved path. T/F: An elongated region of low pressure is called a ridge. Air from a high pressure area will move towards an area of low pressure. Tropical cyclones and typhoons are often measured using other scales, such as Japans Tropical Cyclone Intensity Scale, which measures a typhoon as winds at 118 kph (73 mph).Impact on ClimateWind is a major factor in determining weather and climate. This illustrates the fact that: friction is present only close to the ground. The winds therefore still blow in towards the low, at an angle across the isobars, rather than flowing parallel to them as they do in the upper atmosphere. inertia, you would expect vertical airflow in a cyclone to result in (t/f), A southwest wind blows toward the northeast. Particles from Saharan sand and dust storms can blow across islands in the Caribbean Sea and the U.S. state of Florida, more than 8,047 kilometers (5,000 miles) away.Dust storms in the tropics can be devastating for the local community. T/F:In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect causes all moving objects that travel large distances in the atmosphere to deflect to the right of their original path. (t/f), If pressure gradient was the only force acting on the air, it would move in a curved path. 24 Q Neglecting friction, the speed and direction of the horizontal wind are determined by: A pressure gradient and Coriolis. This may have been enough to strip the bark from trees. Wind carries heat, moisture, pollutants, and pollen to new areas.Many daily weather patterns depend on wind. How would temperature differences make the wind blow? C) air compression. Force is a pull or push that changes the resting state, motion, or direction of an object. As the Sun unevenly heats the surface of the Earth, air rises and sinks, resulting in high and low regions of air pressure. decreasing the wind speed The pressure gradient force is directed from higher to lower pressure: lines connecting points of equal air pressure. Their . C) true, but only near the poles Winds are directed and driven by the pressure gradient force (moves air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure), The Coriolis force is a deflection in the path of winds or ocean currents caused by the rotation of Earth; Coriolis force deflects objects to the RIGHT in the Northern Hemisphere and to the LEFT in the Southern . It is strong enough to carry sailing ships across the ocean and rip huge trees from the ground. These pressure variations are caused by: temperature contrasts between different locations. Thats why steam coming off a pot of boiling water always goes upward. Monsoons are part of a yearlong cycle of uneven heating and cooling of tropical and mid-latitude coastal regions. A) weight of the air above. T/F:Anticyclones characteristically have winds blowing toward their center. Air is set in motion by the Pressure Gradient Force (PGF). The scale has six categories that designate increasing damage. Click Here for Text Alternative of Figure 27. d. centrifugal force. The ACC is the largest ocean current in the world, and is responsible for transporting enormous volumes of cold, nutrient-rich water to the ocean, creating healthy marine ecosystems and food webs.Horse LatitudesThe horse latitudes are a narrow zone of warm, dry climates between westerlies and the trade winds. Even strong winds are often short in duration.Trade WindsTrade winds are the powerful prevailing winds that blow from the east across the tropics. Figure 21. The larger the difference in air pressure, the stronger the winds. The pressure gradient force does not change, however, so the balance of the three forces in play at the surface is slightly more in favor of the pressure gradient. This simplified National Weather Service (NWS) map shows an intense event which brought subfreezing temperatures as far south as the Gulf of. E) geostrophic force. geostrophic force. Marine processes increase with high energy waves. Typhoon Songda had a region of. Driven by westerlies, the powerful Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) rushes around the continent (from west to east) at about 4 kilometers per hour (2.5 miles per hour). change in pressure along a horizontal surface. T/F:A wind direction of 270 degrees means that the wind is blowing from the southeast. (A draft is simply a vertical movement of air.) . These pressure variations are often caused by: Circulations in the earth's atmosphere are fundamentally caused by: temperature contrasts between different locations. The site editor may also be contacted with questions or comments about this Open Educational Resource. Meteorology - Chapter 6 - Air Pressure and Wi, Chapter 4- Ancient Greece- Study Guide for Te, Air pressure and Wind Chapter 17 Test Review, Intro to Weather and Climate final exam chapt. Like Hurricane Katrina, the Bhola Cyclone was a Category 3 storm. When the wind turns the blades, the blades turn a generator and create electricity.Often, wind turbines are collected in windy areas in arrays known as wind farms. Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.

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